🛡️ Sherlocked Security – Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Security Testing
When Convenience Meets Vulnerability – We Break, So You Can Secure
📄 1. Statement of Work (SOW)
Service Name: Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Security Testing
Client Type: IoT Device Manufacturers, Smart Lock Vendors, Healthcare Device Makers, Wearables, Automotive
Service Model: Standalone BLE Testing or as part of Full IoT VAPT
Compliance Coverage: OWASP IoT Top 10, Bluetooth SIG, ETSI EN 303 645, FDA Cybersecurity (Healthcare BLE), NIST IR 8259
Testing Types:
- BLE Pairing Models & Security Mode Analysis
- MITM, Replay & Downgrade Attacks
- GATT Service Enumeration & Abuse
- Unauthorized Access & Data Leakage
- Signal Sniffing & Traffic Manipulation
- Mobile App and BLE Stack Interaction Testing
- BLE Beacon & Advertising Exploitation
🧠 2. Our Approach (with Visual)
📡 Understand the Protocol. Emulate the Threat. Exploit the Weakness.
AI Visual Flow:
[Recon & Scan] → [GATT Enumeration] → [Pairing Attack] → [Sniff & Replay] → [GATT Abuse or Data Injection] → [Impact & Recommendation]
Color Code:
- BLE Stack Testing: #4a148c
- GATT Access: #01579b
- Mobile/App Layer: #2e7d32
🧪 3. Methodology (with Visual)
[Scan & Advertise Capture] → [GATT Service Enumeration] → [Pairing Model Testing] → [Auth & Encryption Bypass] → [Command Injection or Replay] → [Mobile App & Cloud Review] → [Reporting]
Visual Flow Phases:
- 🔍 RF Recon
- 🧰 Protocol Attack
- ☁️ Cloud/App Layer Integration Testing
📦 4. Deliverables to the Client
- 📜 BLE Threat Surface Report
- 🧪 Packet Captures with Annotated BLE Frames
- 🔓 GATT Access Analysis (Read/Write/Notify abuse)
- 🔁 Replay/Downgrade Attack Proof-of-Concepts
- 📲 BLE + App Vulnerability Matrix
- 📈 Security Scorecard (BLE Security Levels, Encryption)
- 🛡️ Fix Recommendations (BLE SIG compliant)
- 🎥 Optional PoC Demos (Sniff, Replay, Injection)
🤝 5. What We Need from You (Client Requirements)
- ✅ Target BLE Device & Firmware
- ✅ Mobile App (debug build preferred)
- ✅ Cloud API tokens (if used)
- ✅ BLE Advertising Profile
- ✅ Device logs (if available)
- ✅ RF-safe testing environment
🧰 6. Tools & Technology Stack
- 📡 Sniffers: Ubertooth One, Nordic nRF Sniffer, HackRF
- 🔍 Protocol Tools: Wireshark BLE, GATTacker, Btlejack, BLEAH
- 📱 App Testing: MobSF, Frida, Objection, Burp Suite
- 🧪 Automation: Python + Bleak/Bluepy + Custom Scripts
- 💻 Decompilation: Jadx, Apktool, Ghidra
- 📶 Signal Attack: Replay injectors, fuzzers
🚀 7. Engagement Lifecycle (Lead → Closure)
1. Scoping BLE Use Case → 2. RF Scan & Capture → 3. GATT Access & Abuse → 4. Pairing/Downgrade Attacks → 5. Replay/Injection → 6. App Integration Testing → 7. Report & Debrief
🌟 8. Why Sherlocked Security? (Our USP)
| Feature | Sherlocked Advantage |
|---|---|
| 🔍 Deep BLE Expertise | Specialists in BLE stack vulnerabilities |
| 📡 Real-Time PoC | Replay, pairing bypass, and packet manipulation demos |
| 📊 BLE Scoring System | Quantifies your BLE implementation security |
| 🔁 Post-Fix Retesting | Ensure vulnerabilities are truly remediated |
| 📚 SIG-Aligned Recommendations | Fixes compatible with Bluetooth standards |
📚 9. Real-World Case Studies
🔐 BLE Lock Replay Attack
Issue: No encryption used during unlock command
Action: Sniffed unlock request → replayed packet
Impact: Lock opened without pairing or auth
Fix: Enforced LE Secure Connections, encrypted characteristics
📱 Smart Wearable GATT Abuse
Issue: Read/Write access not restricted on health sensor
Attack: Injected commands → faked health metrics
Impact: Incorrect data recorded in app/cloud
Fix: GATT ACL applied, app-level filtering added
🛡️ 10. SOP – Standard Operating Procedure
- BLE device & app analysis
- RF scan & advertise profile recording
- GATT enumeration & ACL bypass
- Replay/downgrade & pairing tests
- Mobile app reverse engineering
- API and BLE logic validation
- Reporting and video PoCs
- Fix advisory & retesting (optional)
📋 11. Sample BLE Security Checklist (Preview)
- Identify advertising packets and services.
- Perform BLE sniffing and device enumeration.
- Test pairing mechanisms and bonding security.
- Analyze GATT services and characteristics.
- Attempt unauthorized read/write operations.
- Evaluate use of encryption and MITM protection.
- Test firmware and application-layer logic.
- Analyze OTA update process (if applicable).
- Perform DoS attacks and fuzzing.
- Document BLE vulnerabilities and risks.